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簽證敏感專業(yè)

2016/08/30 14:10:14 澳際教育 編輯： 瀏覽次數(shù)：2137 移動端
在F-1美國學(xué)生簽證過程中，有很多學(xué)生由于所學(xué)專業(yè)屬于敏感專業(yè)因而會被使館check。F-1簽證并不難申請，普通學(xué)生只要簡明地向簽證官解釋：學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)、資金證明、學(xué)習(xí)能力以及畢業(yè)去向。但是對于一些申請敏感專業(yè)的學(xué)生，比如物理、化學(xué)、EE等專業(yè)，這些專業(yè)容易引起簽證官的懷疑并被Check一段時間，對于較高端的研究生或者博士生，被Check的幾率更大。以下簡要地介紹一下。

（一）? ? ? ? 敏感專業(yè)列表：
1、? ? ? ? Conventional Munitions—（與常規(guī)軍火有關(guān)的專業(yè)）
-- Warheads and other large caliber projectiles (彈頭和其他大口徑彈丸)
　　-- Reactive armor and warhead defeat systems (反應(yīng)裝置和導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng))
　　-- Fusing and arming systems. 融合系統(tǒng)
　　-- Electronic countermeasures and systems （電子對抗系統(tǒng)）
　　-- New or novel explosives and formulations新的炸藥配方
-- Automated explosive detection methods and equipment自動爆炸物檢測方法和設(shè)備
2、Nuclear Technology—（與核技術(shù)相關(guān)的專業(yè)）
? ? -- Enrichment of fissile material濃縮的核裂變材料
　　-- Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced plutonium輻射性核燃料再加工回收生產(chǎn)钚
　　-- Production of heavy water for moderator material重水生產(chǎn)的減速劑材料
? ? -- Plutonium and tritium handling钚和氚處理
? ? -- Power reactors, breeder and production reactors反應(yīng)堆，育種和生產(chǎn)反應(yīng)堆
? ? -- Fissile or special nuclear materials裂變或特殊核材料
　 -- Uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamic, chemical, Electromagnetic Isotopic Separation? ?(EMIS), Laser Isotope Separation（LIS）鈾濃縮
? ? -- Spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) 燃燒過的燃料處理，钚，混合氧化物核研究，慣性約束聚變
? ? -- Magnetic confinement fusion磁約束核聚變
? ? -- Laser fusion, high power lasers, plasma激光聚變，高功率激光，等離子體
? ? -- Nuclear fuel fabrication including Mixed Oxide (uranium- plutonium) fuels (MOX)? ???核燃料制造，包括混合氧化物燃料（鈾钚）
? ? -- Heavy water production 重水生產(chǎn)
? ? -- Tritium production and use氚的生產(chǎn)和使用
? ? -- Hardening technology 淬火技術(shù)
3、Rocket Systems—與火箭系統(tǒng)相關(guān)專業(yè)
? ?——(including ballistic missile systems, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) (including cruise missiles, target drones, and reconnaissance drones): Technologies associated with rocket systems and UAV systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile.
——包括彈道導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)，太空運(yùn)載火箭、探空火箭，無人飛行器（包括巡航導(dǎo)彈，靶機(jī)和偵察機(jī)）
4、Rocket System and Unmanned Air Vehicle Subsystems—火箭系統(tǒng)和無人駕駛飛行器子系統(tǒng)
? ? -- Liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems液體和固體火箭推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)
? ? -- Missile propulsion and systems integration導(dǎo)彈推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)集成
? ? -- Individual rocket stages or staging/separation mechanism 單機(jī)火箭的分離機(jī)制
? ? -- Aerospace thermal (such as superalloys ) and high-performance structures? ?? ?? ?? ???航天熱（例如高溫合金）以及高性能結(jié)構(gòu)
? ? -- Propulsion systems test facilities推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)試驗設(shè)施
5、Navigation, Avionics and Flight Control Useable in Rocket Systems and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UVA)—可用于火箭系統(tǒng)和無人駕駛飛行器子系統(tǒng)的航海、航空電子學(xué)和飛行控制技術(shù)
　??-- Internal navigation systems內(nèi)部導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)
　　-- Tracking and terminal homing devices跟蹤和末制導(dǎo)設(shè)備
　　-- Accelerometers and gyroscopes加速度計和陀螺儀
　　-- Rocket and UAV and flight control systems. 火箭、無人機(jī)和飛行控制系統(tǒng)
　　-- Global Positioning System (GPS) 全球定位系統(tǒng)
6、Chemical, Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering—化學(xué)、生物技術(shù)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程
? ? The technology used to produce chemical and biological weapons is inherently dual-use. The same technologies that could be applied to develop and produce chemical and biological weapons are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. In the biological area, look for interest in technologies associated with:
? ?? ? -- Aerobiology (study of microorganisms found in the air or in aerosol form) 空氣生物學(xué)
　　-- Biochemistry生物化學(xué)
　　-- Pharmacology藥理學(xué)
　　-- Immunology免疫學(xué)
　　-- Virology病毒學(xué)
? ? -- Bacteriology細(xì)菌學(xué)
? ? -- Mycology真菌學(xué)
　　-- Microbiology .微生物學(xué)
　　-- Growth and culturing of microorganisms 微生物的生長和培養(yǎng)
　　-- Pathology (study of diseases) 病理學(xué)
　　-- Toxicology毒理學(xué)
　　-- Study of toxins毒素的研究
　　-- Virulence factors致病因素
　　-- Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology遺傳工程，基因重組技術(shù)
　??-- Identification of nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity? ?? ? 鑒定與病理解剖相關(guān)的核酸序列
　　-- Freeze-drying (lyophilization) 冷凍干燥（凍干）技術(shù)
　　-- Fermentation technology發(fā)酵技術(shù)
　　-- Cross-filtration equipment 交叉過濾設(shè)備
　　-- High "DOP-rated filters" (e.g., HEPA filters, ULPA filters) 高鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯過濾
　　-- Microencapsulation?
　　-- Aerosol sprayers and technology, aerosol and aerosolization technology氣溶膠噴霧器和技術(shù)
　　-- Spray or drum drying technology噴霧或滾筒干燥技術(shù)
? ? -- Milling equipment or technology intended for the production of micron-sized particles?
? ?? ?? ???用來生產(chǎn)微米大小微粒的研磨設(shè)備及技術(shù)
　　-- Technology for eliminating electrostatic charges of small particles 消除靜電的小顆粒的技術(shù)
　　-- Flight training飛行訓(xùn)練
　　-- Crop-dusting, aerosol dissemination噴灑農(nóng)藥，氣溶膠傳播
　　-- Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology無人空中飛行器（無人機(jī)）技術(shù)
　　-- Fuses, detonators, and other munitions technology保險絲，雷管，和其他彈藥技術(shù)
　　-- Submunitions technology?
　　-- Computer modeling of dissemination or contagion?
? ?? ? -- Chemical absorption (nuclear-biological-chemical (NBC) protection)
7、Remote Sensing, Imaging and Reconnaissance—遙感、成像與偵察
? ? Satellite and aircraft remote sensing technologies are inherently dual-use; increasingly sophisticated technologies can be used for civilian imagery projects or for military and intelligence reconnaissance activities. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles also augment satellite capabilities. Key-word associated technologies are:
? ?? ? -- Remote sensing satellites遙感衛(wèi)星
? ? -- High resolution multi-spectral, electro-optical and radar data/imagery高分辨率多光譜，光電和雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)/圖像技術(shù)
? ? -- Imagery instruments, cameras, optics, and synthetic aperture radar systems? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???圖像儀器，照相機(jī)，光學(xué)，以及合成孔徑雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)。
? ? -- Ground receiving stations and data/image processing systems地面接收站和數(shù)據(jù)/圖像處理系統(tǒng)
? ? -- Photogrammetry攝影測繪學(xué)
? ? -- Imagery data and information products圖像數(shù)據(jù)和信息產(chǎn)品
? ? -- Piloted aircraft駕駛飛機(jī)
? ? -- Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) 無人飛行器
? ? -- Remotely-piloted vehicles; and drones遠(yuǎn)程車輛和飛機(jī)
8、Advanced Computer/Microelectronic Technology—高級計算機(jī)/微電子技術(shù)
? ? Computers and software play a useful (but not necessarily critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and missile systems, and in the development and production of nuclear weapons. Advanced computer capabilities are also used in over-the-horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) processors. These technologies are associated with:
? ?? ?-- Supercomputing, hybrid computing超級計算，混合運(yùn)算
? ?-- Speech processing/recognition systems語音處理/識別系統(tǒng)
? ?-- Neural networks神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
? ?-- Data fusion數(shù)據(jù)融合
? ?-- Quantum wells, resonant tunneling量子威爾斯，諧振隧穿
? ?-- Superconductivity 超導(dǎo)性
? ?-- Advance optoelectronics光電子學(xué)
? ?-- Acoustic wave devices, 聲表面波器件
? ?-- Superconducting electron devices超導(dǎo)電子器件
? ?-- Flash discharge type x-ray systems閃光放電型X射線系統(tǒng)
? ?-- Frequency synthesizers頻率合成器
? ?-- Microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators微機(jī)補(bǔ)償晶體振蕩器
9、Materials Technology—材料技術(shù)
? ? The metallic, ceramic and composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion devices. Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices. High density graphite is used in missile nosetips, jet vanes and nozzle throats. Selected specialty materials (i.e., stealth and the performance of these materials) provide critical capabilities that exploit electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconductivity characteristics. These technologies are associated with:
? ???-- Advanced metals and alloys先進(jìn)金屬和合金
? ?-- Non-composite ceramic materials復(fù)合陶瓷材料
? ?-- Ceramic, cermet, organic and carbon materials 陶瓷，陶瓷金屬和碳材料
? ?-- Polymeric materials高分子材料
? ?-- Synthetics fluids合成液體
? ?-- Hot isostatic熱等靜壓
? ?-- Densifications 濃縮技術(shù)
? ?-- Intermetallic金屬間化合物
? ?-- Organometals 有機(jī)金屬
? ?-- Liquid and solid lubricant液體和固體潤滑劑
? ?-- Magnetic metals and superconductive conductors磁性金屬和超導(dǎo)體
10、Information Security—信息安全
? ? Technologies associated with cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for communications, video, data and related software.
11、Laser and Directed Energy Systems Technology—激光和定向能系統(tǒng)技術(shù)
? ? Lasers have critical military applications, including incorporation in guided ordinance such as laser guided bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies are used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and to project that energy on a specific target. Kinetic energy technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass and direct it to a target. Directed energy and kinetic energy technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other applications. Look for technologies associated with:
? ???-- Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) 原子蒸氣激光同位素分離
? ?-- Molecular Laser Isotope Separation (MLIS) 分子法激光同位素分離
? ?-- High Energy Lasers (HEL) (i.e., laser welders) 高能量激光?
? ?-- Low Energy Lasers (LEL) 低能量激光
? ?-- Semiconductor lasers半導(dǎo)體激光
? ?-- Free electron lasers自由電子激光器
? ?-- Directed Energy (DE) systems定向能量系統(tǒng)
? ?-- Kinetic Energy (KE) systems動能系統(tǒng)
? ?-- Particle beam, beam rider, electromagnetic guns, Optoelectronics/electro-oPtics (Europe)
? ???-- Optical tracking (i.e., target designators) 光學(xué)跟蹤 （例如目標(biāo)指示器）
? ?-- High energy density高能量密度
? ?-- High-speed pulse generation, pulsed power高速脈沖，脈沖電源
? ?-- Hypersonic and/or hypervelocity高超聲速和/或超高速
? ?-- Magnetohydrodynamics磁性鈴動力學(xué)
11、Sensors and Sensor Technology—傳感器和傳感器技術(shù)
? ?Sensors provide real-time information and data, and could provide a significant military advantage in a conflict. Marine acoustics is critical in anti-submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch calibration. Look for technologies associated with:
? ???-- Marine acoustics海洋聲學(xué)
? ?-- Optical sensors光感測器
? ?-- Night vision devices, image intensification devices夜視設(shè)備，圖像增強(qiáng)裝置
? ?-- Gravity meters重力儀
? ?-- High speed photographic equipment高速攝影器材
? ?-- Magnetometers磁強(qiáng)計
12、Marine Technology—海洋工學(xué)
? ? Marine technologies are often associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels; propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and quieting systems are associated with reducing detectability and enhancing operations survivability. Look for technologies connected with:
? ???-- Submarines and submersibles潛艇和潛水器
? ?-- Undersea robots海底機(jī)器人
? ?-- Marine propulsion systems船舶推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)
? ?-- Signature recognition簽名識別技術(shù)
? ?-- Acoustic and non-acoustic detection聲學(xué)和非聲學(xué)探測
? ?-- Acoustic, wake, radar and magnetic signature reduction
? ???-- Magnetohydrodynamics磁性鈴動力學(xué)
? ?-- Stirling engines and other air independent propulsion systems
13、Robotics—機(jī)器人技術(shù)
? ?-- Artificial intelligence人工智能技術(shù)
? ?-- Automation自動化技術(shù)
? ?-- Computer-controlled machine tools計算機(jī)控制的機(jī)床
? ? -- Pattern recognition technologies. 模式識別技術(shù)
14、Urban Planning—城市規(guī)劃
? ? Expertise in construction or design of systems or technologies necessary to sustain modern urban societies. (PLEASE NOTE: Urban Planning may not fall under the purview of INA section 212 (a)(3)(a), U.S. technology transfer laws, or any other U.S. law or regulation. However, Urban Planning is a special interest item and posts are requested to refer such visa application requests to CA/VO/L/C for further review.) Look for technologies/skills associated with:
? ???-- Architecture
? ???-- Civil engineering
? ? -- Community development
? ? -- Environmental planning
? ? -- Geography
? ? -- Housing
? ? -- Landscape architecture
? ? -- Land use and comprehensive planning
? ? -- Urban design

（二）敏感專業(yè)處理辦法
??? 大部分理工專業(yè)都是和敏感專業(yè)相關(guān)的，遇到這種情況不要太擔(dān)心，按照以下方法可以解除簽證官對于敏感專業(yè)的疑慮

（1）盡可能明白淺顯地向簽證官解釋該專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容；
不要詳細(xì)地描述你去到美國的學(xué)習(xí)和研究內(nèi)容的前沿性、尖端性，用通俗易懂的語言向簽證官解釋你這個專業(yè)是學(xué)什么的，做什么的，體現(xiàn)出通俗、易懂、有益、無害，消滅敏感度。

（2）明確自己的學(xué)習(xí)計劃；
如果你能夠清晰地向簽證官闡述你的赴美的學(xué)習(xí)和研究計劃，這就好像把專業(yè)敏感度放在陽光底下一樣，可以很大程度上打消簽證官的疑慮。

（3）準(zhǔn)備好充足的材料；
如果簽證官對申請者的專業(yè)敏感度存在疑慮的話，那么他一般會重點查閱申請者的幾樣材料：包括：簡歷、Study Plan、導(dǎo)師的個人信息介紹。因此準(zhǔn)備好這些材料，方便在簽證官需要的時候及時提供。

（4）做好被Check的心理準(zhǔn)備；
如果知道自己的專業(yè)是敏感的，那么最好在去簽證前做好被Check的心理準(zhǔn)備，然后以一個平常心的去爭取不被Check而當(dāng)場獲得通過。避免由于過于害怕被Check而最終造成被拒的情況出現(xiàn)。

? ? 其實，只要做好以上幾點，即使由于這個專業(yè)敏感度被Check, 那最終的結(jié)果往往都意味著獲得簽證。在此祝所有拿到錄取的學(xué)生的簽證都能順利通過。

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