非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞（不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞）
一．不定式
1. 帶to 的不定式： i have come to seek your advice.
2. 不帶to 的不定式：what you said made me think.
大多數(shù)情況下不定式都帶to
Eg: he seems to be in good health.
?? I hope to be back in a couple of days.
他希望這次會議成功。
我很高興接到你的來信。
他們要求查檢我的護照。
不定式的不同形式：
?主動形式?被動形式
一般式?To do ?To be done
完成式?To have done ?To have been done
進行式?To be doing ?/
完成進行式?To have been doing ?/
Eg: 他被派到那里接受訓練。

?不定式構(gòu)成謂語：
will you please call back again in a little while?
Would you like me to interpret for you?
我們必須記住這一點。
這計劃一定會成功。
他很可能在西班牙。
?不定式和被動結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成符合謂語：
This was thought to be impossible.?
His situation was considered to be dangerous.
大家期待你在會上發(fā)言。

?不定式做主語：
To compromise appears advisable.
To stop the work now seems impossible.
忽略這一點可能會有嚴重后果。
??it + be + adj. +不定式 （斜體部分為真正的主語）
?? ↓
?形式主語
It is foolish to act like that.
It is hard to say which is better.
掌握所有事實至關(guān)重要。
修改計劃是明智的。
??it + be + n. +不定式
It is an honor to meet you.
It is our duty to obey the law.
和你們一起工作非常愉快。
為公眾做些事是我的愿望。
?? it + 動詞（賓語） + 不定式
It amazed me to hear that you were leaving.
要真正掌握一門外語需要花很長時間。
出來在這待一會是挺愜意的。
?④ it + be + 介詞短語 + 不定式
It’s beyond me to explain these.
It’s not within my power to change his view.
隨時準備幫助朋友正是你的本色。

不定式作賓語：
He agreed to pay $4,000 for the car.
we managed to put the fire out.
她志愿到西北地區(qū)工作。
他不知道該向左拐還是向右拐。

虛擬語氣
?現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣---主要用動詞原形
God bless you.
It is essential that effective measure (should ) be taken.
關(guān)注空氣污染至關(guān)重要。
?過去虛擬語氣---動詞be 要用were 的形式
She treated me as though i were a stranger.
如果我是你，我不會那樣做。
我要是不那么緊張就好了。
?過去完成形式---與成熟語氣中的過去完成時相同
I wish i had not done so.
我要是聽了你的勸告就好了。
如果我見到他，我就會告訴他了。

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10.2虛擬條件句
?真實條件句 和 ?虛擬條件句

?真實條件句
i will not go to the party unless they invited me.
If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join in the queue.
如果他已把信寫好，我就去發(fā)。

?虛擬條件句：表示純?nèi)患傧氲那闆r，需使用虛擬語氣
If i had enough money, i would buy a computer.
If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have seen her.

表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬條件句
條件從句中的謂語?主句謂語
相當于過去式的形式?Would + 動詞原形
?? ↓
Would 有時可由might / could 構(gòu)成

表示與事實相反或不太可能實現(xiàn)的情況。
If i had a map i would lend it to you. (但我沒有）
If i lived near my office, i’d walk to work. （我住的不近）
如果我是你，我會在房子周圍種些樹。
海倫要是在這里該多好??！

在were 和 should 的從句中，if 有時可省略，但語序要倒裝
Were i Tom i would refuse.
Should she be interested, i’ll phone her.
如果我處于你的地位，我會讓他知道我對他的看法。
你要是有什么需要就給我打電話。

If it were not for?? 若不是。。。
You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for Ruth.
若不是你幫忙，我們會遇到大麻煩。

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?虛擬語氣專項訓練????
I wish I were a bird.? 但愿我是一只小鳥。????
I wish I knew the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了。????
I wish she had taken my advice. 那時她要是接受我的建議就好了。??
I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 真希望我昨天見過她。????
I wish you would stay an hour longer.? 我希望你再呆一個小時。???
I wish it could stop raining. 但愿雨能停。???
The students hope that their football team will win the game.?
學生們希望他們的足球隊獲勝。 （可能實現(xiàn)）??
I wish I could see him now.? 我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他。（不可能實現(xiàn)）???
My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as often as possible .
我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習說英語。???
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only.?
按照要求作文必須單面謄寫。???
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.?
我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團圓一次。???
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.
教育要改革的建議是合理的。?????
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.? 這位老師對待這位學生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。（這位學生并不是她的親生孩子）??
I felt as though we had known each other for years.? 我感覺我們好像認識多年了。（其實并沒有認識多年）??
It looks as if it might rain.? 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）??
He looks as if he is young.? 看樣子他好像很年輕。（他就是年輕）?
He looks as if he were young.? 看樣子他好像很年輕。（實際上他不年輕）????
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget.?
請你明天再提醒我這件事，以免我忘記。???
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget.?
她一再強調(diào)這一點免得他忘記。???
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.??
我們開了一個會，面對面談了這件事，以免發(fā)生任何誤會.?

虛擬語氣專項訓練???
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.?
我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。???
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.? 為了能提前完成工作，他們比往常更加努力。???
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.?
我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。????
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope.? 即使他失敗了，仍有一線希望。???
I should say the same thing even if he were here.? 即使他在這里，我還是要這么說。???
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part.?
不管他成功還是失敗，我們還是要做好自己的事。???
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together.?
不管雨下得多么大，今晚我們還是要去那里。???
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.?
一個人不論其社會地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。????
It is time that the children went to bed.? 到孩子們睡覺的時間了。???
It is high time that we began the meeting.? 正是我們開會的時間了。??
If only he knew the answer.? 他要是知道答案就好了。（用過去時表示現(xiàn)在）??
If only I could speak several foreign languages！
我要是能講幾種外語就好了?。ㄓ脀ould/could表示將來）??
If only you had told me the truth before.??
要是你以前告訴我真相就好了。（用過去完成時表示過去）??
If only I had known her earlier!?? 要是我早點兒認識她就好了！
= I wish I had known her earlier.??
I would rather you left today.? 我寧可你今天走。???
I would prefer he didn't stay here too long.?
我倒希望他不要在這兒呆得太久。???
I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday.?
我寧愿昨天沒有看那場電影。??
I'd rather play tennis than swim.? 我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，也不愿游泳。??
I'd rather not go to the movies.? 我寧愿不去看電影。???
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee? 你喜歡喝茶，還是咖啡????
I'd rather you went home now.? 我希望你現(xiàn)在就回家。?
?虛擬語氣專項訓練???
I would rather my daughter attended a public school.?
我希望我的女兒能上公立學校。????
Long live the People's Republic of China!? 中華人民共和國萬歲！??
May you be happy!? 祝您快樂！???
God bless you!? 上帝保佑你！???
Success attend you!? 祝你成功！???
The Lord save us!? 愿主救我們！????
You could answer this email for me.? 你可以替我回這個電子郵件。???
Could you leave me your telephone number and address?
你能將電話號碼和地址留給我嗎？??
Would you mind opening the window? 勞駕把窗子打開，好嗎？???
You might as well put off the discussion till next week.?
你們不妨把討論推遲到下個星期。????

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10.2.3表示過去情況的虛擬條件句
條件從句中的謂語?主句謂語had
相當于過去完成時的形式?Would have + 過去分詞
?? ↓
也可用could,might 構(gòu)成謂語
表示一個與事實相反的過去情況
If i had known that you were coming, i would have met you at the airport.
If anything had happened, he would have let us know.
?我要是南希，我不會離開他。
?如果你處于我的位置你會怎么辦?

要不是。。。????? If it had not been for...
If it had not been for Margaret, i might not have understood.
?要不是你的及時幫助，我們會陷入嚴重的困境。

If 有時可省略，后半部分需倒裝：
Had it not been for their support, we could not have won the election.
?這事要不是我親眼所見，我都不會相信的。
?如果是馬克負責，這事就不會發(fā)生了。

10.3虛擬條件句在從句中的運用

(Should) + V.? →?? Should 可省略

V.: order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire, suggest, insist, ask, etc.
即表示說話人的愿望，要求，命令，建議等。

例：he asks that he be given an opportunity to explain his case.
I advise that he go at once.

一些特殊用法：

1.If only...??? 要是。。。就好了
If only we had follow your advice!
If only i were to see him again!

2. It is （high） time...?? 該是。。。的時候了
It is （high） time you bought a new car.
該是你下決心的時候了。
你該找個工作安定下來了。

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